論我國海洋國家公園的傑出普遍價值暨其國際推廣

An analysis of Marine National Parks of Outstanding Universal Value in Taiwan in terms of Enhancing Their International Profile

《保護世界文化和自然遺產公約》（Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage），就締約國數量而言，乃國際上影響力最大的條約之一（193國締約，2019年數據），旨在保護具有「傑出普遍價值」（outstanding universal value）的場址。雖然礙於國際政治現實，我國遲遲未能正式參與，但依CCPWCNH第12條規範，未列入世界遺產名冊的場址，如具傑出普遍價值，仍未被排除適用範疇，此有世界遺產委員會的實際執行案例可稽。此外，不論世界遺產委員會的實踐，抑或聯合國教育科學文化組織（United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization）的研究報告，多支持擴大CCPWCNH適用範圍至國家主權所不及之海域。職是，我國做為CCPWCNH的準適用國，仍應以未雨綢繆的正面心態，遴選具有傑出普遍價值的適格場址，並賡續推廣之，為奠定海洋立國基石而努力。本文擬以我國海域國家公園－即東沙環礁及澎湖南方四島國家公園為例，申論其傑出普遍價值，並就未來規劃層面，提供更能符合CCPWCNH規範的改善方向，俾以目標明確、可行且具前瞻性的國家海洋政策，接軌世界。

The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (CCPWCNH) aims to protect cultural and natural sites of outstanding universal value. The CCPWCNH is one of the most influential treaties, with 193 States Parties in 2019. Although Taiwan is unable to formally participate in the CCPWCNH, all sites of outstanding universal value are not excluded from the scope of the CCPWCNH. This is not only grounded in Article 12 of the CCPWCNH but also supported by empirical practices. In addition, the practices of the World Heritage Committee and the research projects sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) show the expansion of the scope of CCPWCNH to the places extending seaward from the outer limit of the territorial sea. Therefore, not only should Taiwan select suitable sites of outstanding universal value as potential world heritage sites, but management and promotion plans of the sites should be done. This paper aims to analyse Taiwanese national marine parks of outstanding universal value, namely Dongsha Atoll National Park and South Penghu Marine National Park. The paper makes clear and feasible suggestions for improvement in line with the CCPWCNH's direction for future marine policy planning and for being geared towards CCPWCNH's perceptions of world heritage.