船舶溫室氣體排放減量之新法趨勢與因應──兼論《零排放船舶過渡路徑》策略

Trend and response of the new legislation on the reduction of GHG emissions from ships - Also discussing on the strategy of ＂Zero-Emission Vessels Transition Pathways＂

2020年全球航運業CO_2排放量將達到14億噸，約占全球CO_2排放量的5％左右，隨著海運貿易量增長，船舶溫室氣體排放量到2050年將比2007年增加150-250％；因此，IMO針對船舶排放有害氣體和節能減碳相關規範持續發布，計畫2050年降低須達2008年排放量的50％，在提高船舶能源效率的有效控制下，全球船舶溫室氣體排放量將可減少25-75％，IMO於2018年提出《船舶溫室氣體排放減量之初步策略》，提出短、中、長期策略並逐年規劃進程；另英國LR與UMAS於2019年共同發布《零排放船舶過渡路徑》研究報告亦表示，為達成IMO制定的2050年排放減量目標，激勵與處罰等立法應與時俱進，扮演至關重要的推動角色。本文將檢視IMO關於溫室氣體減排之重要決議與MEPC工作小組的結論與通告，參考歐盟與各船級社之因應措施進行比較說明，觀察國際未來立法趨勢，並對我國現況提出建議。

The CO_2 emissions in the global shipping industry will reach 1.4 billion tons, which is about 5% of the global CO_2 emissions in 2020. With the increase in seaborne trade, ship greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 will increase by 150-250% compared with 2007. Therefore, IMO has continued to make regulations on hazardous emissions from ships in energy conservation and carbon reduction. It planned to reduce emissions in 2050 by 50% in 2008. Under the effective control of improving ship energy efficiency, global greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced 25-75%. ＂Initial IMO strategy on the reduction of GHG emissions from ships＂ in 2018 proposed by IMO, providing short, medium and long-term strategies and planning their progresses yearly. In addition, UK LR and UMAS issued ＂Zero-Emission Vessels Transition Pathways＂ in 2019. It reported that the incentives including punishments and legislation should keep pace with the times and play a crucial motivation in order to achieve the emission reduction in 2050 made by IMO. This article will review IMO's important resolutions on greenhouse gas reduction, and the MEPC’s conclusions including of the circulars. Comparing to the EU and the classification society's measures, try to explain and predict the future legislative trends.