外籍漁船船員僱傭契約的管轄與準據法研究──本國法與歐盟法之比較

The International Jurisdiction and Applicable Law Issues of Employment Contract of Foreign Fishing Crew-Comparison between Taiwan and EU Law

本文以歐盟統一國際裁判管轄的布魯塞爾la號規則與統一契約之債準據法的羅馬一號規則為參考對象，聚焦於外籍漁船船員與權宜船的議題，探討我國與歐盟的成文法與法律釋義的近期見解。本文主要針對僱傭契約中的勞工保護如何落實到管轄法院擴張，及如何影響契約之債準據法的當事人自主。布魯塞爾la號規則中住所、通常履行地、僱用營業地、分支機構等概念，為勞工開啟對雇主起訴的法院大門；羅馬一號規則中，僱傭關係準據法的例外條款與禁止以協議減損等規範，如公序良俗、強行法與即刻適用法等制度設計，讓法庭地法得以不論準據法而介入繫屬於本國之案件，高度強化國家對於涉外僱傭契約的管制。最後觀察我國管制外籍漁船船員僱傭契約的實定法，雖然似乎以特別規定的方式，嘗試將準據法及管轄均納入我國法體系，但仍有許多值得改善之處。

This essay examines the relevant regulations and judicial interpretations regarding employment contract of foreign fishing crews and flags of convenience by referring to Rome I Regulation and Brussels Ia Regulation. This essay mainly focuses on the expansion of employee-plaintiffs' access to justice and how the protection of employee affects the party autonomy. This essay will cover the interpretations of domicile, branches, the place of habitual performance, and the place where the business which engaged the employee in Brussels Ia Regulation. In addition, this essay will analyze the escape clause and the notion that the provisions cannot be derogated by the agreement of employment contract in Rome I Regulation. In the discussion of applicable law, the issues of public order, mandatory provisions, and la loi d'application immédiate, will also be elaborated, and how the lex fori can be applied once these above-mentioned issues are taken into consideration. Lastly, the essay will introduce the regulations governing the employment contract of foreign fishing crews in Taiwan, juxtaposing with Rome I Regulation and Brussels Ia Regulation.