大民法典的理念與藍圖

大陸法系的民法典具有繼往開來的特色，20世紀影響最大的德國民法典以其嚴謹體系在社經文化與意識形態的跨度上最具優勢，新民法典接續此一傳統之餘，應思如何提高體系容量，以適應全球化經濟與公私混合治理型態的需要。大民法典的構想源於德國民事財產法的債物兩條腿明顯呈現一盛一衰，後者的根本錯誤在於在以動態關係和靜態歸屬的二分掩蓋了兩種交易選擇的本質，並以物權法定與債權自由來加大其差異。大民法典開放所有契約的自由，並改從落實自治本身和維護自治內含界線的二分進行體系化，各自都包含了屬人（債的關係）和屬物（物的關係）的選項，再從兩類規範中提取財產通則的公因式，上承不以財產為限的總則，下啟不以身份為前提的意定和法定關係，乃至以身份為前提的財產關係。

The civil law tradition is marked by its succession and innovation in the production of codes. The most influential German BGB prevail with its ''scientific'' system on its span over different social-economic structures and cultural ideologies. This century-old system needs to be adapted to the global economy and mixed governance of public/private laws of today by immensely enlarging its normative capacity. This article argues that the most crucial point lies in the outdated Savignyian diffusion of law on obligation and law on property, with the latter governed by the numerus clausus principle. While sticking to the freedom of contract, regardless its nature, purely personal or through a thing, we propose a new system based on diffusion between contractual relationships and legal relationships of equitable nature. The common factors of the two groups could then be put in a general part of transaction.