集體建設用地使用權設立的難點問題探討

《民法典》第344－360條對集體建設用地使用權僅得參照適用。集體建設用地使用權包含集體經營性建設用地使用權和集體公益性建設用地使用權。為了彌補部分集體土地所有者主體資格和專業能力的不足，土地所有者可以委託入市實施主體代為入市，但應對受託主體和適用範圍作適當限制。集體決議是入市主體設權行為的前提，應明確決議主體、程式和事項。集體建設用地使用權的設立方式包括出讓、作價出資（入股）、撥用和抵押，出租雖屬入市方式，但不屬於集體建設用地使用權設立範疇。集體建設用地使用權的客體應符合規劃上的法定要求，但不受“存量”限制，亦不禁止“住宅”用途；設權前土地所有者須先進行土地所有權登記，宣導入市前開展集體建設用地使用權的首次登記。

The provisions of the Property Rights Part of the Chinese Civil Code on the right to use construction land are only applicable by reference to the right to use collective construction land. The collective construction land use right includes collective operational construction land use right and collective public welfare construction land use right. In order to make up for the lack of qualifications and professional abilities of some collective land owners, land owners can entrust the implementation subject to enter the market on their behalf, but the trustee and the scope of application should be appropriately restricted. Collective resolution is the prerequisite for the behavior of the main body entering the market, and the main body of the resolution, the resolution procedure and the resolution matters should be clarified. The establishment methods of collective construction land use right include transfer, capital contribution(shareholding), appropriation and mortgage. Leasing belongs to the way of marketization of for profit collective construction land, but it does not belong to the category of collective construction land use right. The object of the right to use collective construction land should meet the statutory requirements of the plan, but it is not limited by ''stock'' and does not prohibit the use of ''residential'' ; the land owner must first register the land ownership before establishing the right to advocate The first registration of the right to use collective construction land is carried out before the right.