權利概念的移植交流史

權利概念在近代中國的移植，構成該概念在近代中日兩國之間的一段移植交流史。與許多法政概念不同，“權利”一語率先創生於中國，再為日本所引進，這一點可在日本歷史文獻中找到第一手依據，但考詳其具體的移植回路，權利概念對中國而言也可視為一個特別的“回歸詞”。權利概念的移植在近代中日兩國並無足夠深厚的基礎，為此，該概念在輸入之時，即註定成為一個“不當的用語”，並使原有內涵在移植過程發生意義變遷。梁啟超對權利概念的移植居功甚偉，其自由權利觀的形成不僅標誌著權利概念在近代中國的初步落定，同時也是中日兩國法政概念移植交流史上的重要篇章。

The import of the concept of rights in modern China constitutes a history of transplantation and exchange of this concept between the modern China and Japan. Unlike many legal or political concepts, the term ''rights'' was first created in China and then introduced in Japan. This can be found in the Japanese historical literature. However, detailed examination of the specific transplantation process of this concept demonstrates that the concept of rights can also be regarded as a special ''return word'' for China. The transplantation of the concept of rights did not have a sufficiently deep foundation in modern China or Japan. Therefore, when the concept was imported, it was destined to become an ''inappropriate term'', causing the change of the original implication of the word. Liang Qichao contributed a lot to the concept of rights. The formation of his concept of free rights not only marks the initial settlement of the concept of rights in modern China, but also serves as an important chapter in the history of the exchange of legal concepts between China and Japan.