作為憲制問題的“齊家”

如何將分散的個體組織構成為有機共同體，是一個國家的憲制問題。早期東西方都曾以家庭作為政治體組織原則，與西方日益“告別家庭”不同，政治整合中家庭的重要性是“中國歷史上的重大常數”。有限官僚制的古代中國開創了“編戶齊家”的治理機制。集體化的中國通過對家庭成分、家庭戶口以及附著其上的象徵性資本的分配，實現了對實質性資源的調配和現實性權力結構的調整。當代中國創造了以戶內委託和戶代表制為實現形式的“一戶一票”制，將作為自然歷史單位的家戶吸納為政治表意單位，化解基層民主遭遇的選舉和治理危機。從“編戶齊家”到“一戶一票”，通過家戶將人民組織起來，在不斷的創造性轉化當中演生為一個古老而有力的中國憲制傳統。

How to organize decentralized individuals into an organic community is a constitutional issue. In the early Eastern and Western societies, the family was regarded as the principle of social organization. Unlike the West s increasingly less emphasis on the family in the modern times, the importance of the family in social integration became a major constant in the Chinese History. Ancient China created the mechanism of governing people through household registration group. China during the collectivization period has created a governance based on family origin and family accounts, through the distribution of family as a political symbol and the symbolic capital attached to the family, in order to achieve the deployment of substantive resources and the adjustment of the real power structure. Contemporary China has created a ''One Household One Vote'' mechanism in the form of the proxy voting within household and household representative system. It absorbs households as natural historical units into political ideographic units, and resolves the election and governance crisis encountered by grassroots democracy. From the mechanism of family governance by household registration to ''One Household One Vote'' , organizing people through the family are transformed into an ancient and powerful Chinese constitutional tradition in the continuous creative transformation.