保護規範理論適用批判論

保護規範理論與德國基本法確立的權力分立體制和高度重視權利保障之司法傳統具有高度的契合性。但保護規範理論在我國的引入存在較大的邏輯斷裂和價值張力。一是行政訴訟的主觀訴訟功能定位，尚需要更充分的論證；二是保護規範理論蘊含的個人主義假定與個人在我國公法上的積極能動的法權地位也不一致；三是保護規範理論的適用可能造成司法保護範圍的限縮；四是保護規範理論適用所要求的基本權利的輻射效力、敏感於權利保障的法解釋技術、高強度的司法審查標準，在我國當下亦難滿足。如此，保護規範理論的引入，不僅難以實現利害關係判定客觀化的預期目標，更會導致憲法賦予行政訴訟的權力監督和權利保障的雙重功能嚴重萎縮。

The theory of protection norms is highly consistent with the separation of powers system established by the German Basic Law and the legal tradition of attaching great importance to the protection of rights. However, its introduction in China has a large logic break and value tension. First of all, the hypothesis of the function of subjective litigation needs to be fully demonstrated. Secondly, the individualism behind the theory of protection norms is not compatible with the active legal status of individuals in China’s public law. Thirdly, the application of the theory of protection norms may narrow the scope of judicial protection. Finally, some preconditions required by the effective application of the theory of protection norms, such as the radiation effect of basic rights, the interpretation methodology sensitive to the protection of rights and the high intensity of judicial review standards, are also difficult to meet in China at present. In this way, the introduction of the theory of protection norms will not only be difficult to achieve the expected goal of objectifying the determination of interests, but also will lead to the serious shrinkage of the dual functions of power supervision and rights protection entrusted by China’s Constitution to administrative litigation.