論香港基本法上“國家”的規範內涵

當今世界，主權國家仍然是支撐憲法秩序與國際秩序的基礎，國家對於憲法與法律制度的構建發揮著不可或缺的作用。20世紀80年代以來，面對國家統一的時代任務，中國共產黨人以高超的政治智慧與開放的法律邏輯，創造了“一國兩制”的制度，並通過基本法加以具體化。基於國家發展目標與任務，1982年憲法的設計者們通過憲法，為一國主權下實行兩種制度提供了合憲性基礎，塑造了具有原則性、開放性與靈活性的“兩制”形態。經過20多年的實踐，以“一國”為前提的“兩制”治理呈現出豐富的實踐樣態。儘管在統一主權國家之內的“兩制”之間出現了一些摩擦，但憲法上的國家概念具有疏解衝突、保持平衡的功能。在新時代，我們應挖掘憲法與基本法文本中國家的規範含義，凝聚社會共識，深化對“一國兩制”的文明價值及時代命題的認識。

In today’s world, sovereignty is still the foundation supporting the constitutional order and international order. The state plays an indispensable role in the establishment of the Constitution and the legal system. Since the 1980 s, facing the task of national reunification, the Communist Party of China(CPC), with superb political wisdom and open legal logic, developed the ''One Country, Two Systems'' which has never been applied in history before. The basic laws were established for its implementation. Based on the national goals and tasks, in 1982, drafters of the PRC Constitution wrote down Article 31, which endowed the legitimacy to establish special administration region, provided constitutional basis for practicing socialist and capitalist systems in one country, and created the model of ''two systems'' embodying the principle of openness and flexibility. After the enforcement of the Hong Kong Basic Law for 22 years and Macao Basic Law for 20 years, the governance philosophy of ''two systems'' in ''one country'' has been implemented well. Though there are frictions and conflicts between the two systems, the Constitution has offered solutions to solve them and keep stability. ''One Country, Two Systems'' is the institutional arrangement to maintain national unity, peace and order. In the New Era, it’s essential to make in-depth study of the normative analysis of the concept of state in the Constitution and the Basic Laws, to strengthen social consensus based on the standards in the Basic Laws, and to deepen the understanding of the civilization value and proposition of the time of ''One Country, Two Systems'' .