論憲法與基本法的關係

《憲法》第31條是正確理解基本法與憲法關係的關鍵。該條屬於對國家結構形式的特別規定，是專為實行“一國兩制”提供憲法依據而設計的帶有授權性質的一項特別規定。但是，談憲法與基本法的關係，不能單講第31條，應該認識到整部憲法是基本法的立法依據。憲法與基本法的關係是“母法”與“子法”的關係，但不是一般的“母法”與“子法”的關係，基本法在我國法律體系中具有特殊地位。憲法和基本法的這種關係，決定了憲法和基本法一起構成了特別行政區的憲制法律基礎。基本法是符合憲法的，基本法的每一條都在憲法的框架內做過仔細推敲，都是有憲法依據的。要把“一國兩制”和基本法進一步實施好、貫徹好，最重要的是在特別行政區牢固樹立憲法觀念和意識。唯有如此，才能建立適應“一國兩制”長期實施的社會意識形態，才能全面準確地理解“一國兩制”和基本法，才能不斷鞏固和發展愛國愛港、愛國愛澳的社會基礎。

Article 31 of the PRC Constitution is the key to the right understanding of the relationship between Basic Law and the Constitution. That Article is a special authorizing rule on state structure of China, specifically made to provide constitutional foundation to ''One Country, Two Systems'' . However, when it comes to the relationship between the Constitution and Basic Law, it is inadequate to focus just on Article 31. Rather, the whole Constitution itself should be considered the legal foundation of the Basic Law. That said, it is wrong to say that the Basic Law is derived from the Constitution simply in terms of its legal authority. This is because the Basic Law is actually made according to the Constitution or within the constitutional framework in its every article. This special relationship forms the constitutional foundation of the special administrative region. Therefore, the key to implement the Basic Law and ''One Country, Two Systems'' in Macau is to establish constitutional consciousness in the region. Only in this way can the social basis for a prosperous Macau be provided.