論法定犯的不成文構成要件要素

法定犯的刑法條文設置“違反國家規定”這一要素有直接規定、間接規定與沒有規定三種模式。其中，對於沒有規定這種模式，可否如同前兩種模式那樣援引相關國家規定並據之判斷行為的違法性尚需研究。基於法定犯行政違法與刑事違法的雙重特性，從法秩序統一性原理、法定犯的內部結構和處罰範圍以及司法實務出發分析，刑法條文中未規定的“違反國家規定”是法定犯的不成文的構成要件要素。深入探討法定犯的不成文構成要件要素，有助於尋找法定犯的違法性判斷的前置法，理解法定犯單純不服從（而非侵害法益）的違法性實質，對於化解法定犯口袋化的困境，推動構成要件理論的精細化發展具有重要意義。

There are modes of ''violation of state provision'' in criminal law of mala prohibita, that is direct provision, indirect provision and no provision. In the absence of no provision model, there are two distinct ways of invoking and not invoking relevant state provisions in judicial adjudication. Based on the dual characteristics of administrative and criminal offences committed by mala prohibita, It can be said that the ''violation of state provision'' of mala prohibita is a prerequisite for judging criminal illegality from the perspective of the principle of unity of legal order, the internal structure of mala prohibita, the punishment scope of mala prohibita and the judicial practice of mala prohibita. It is of great significance to apply and recognize ''violation of state provision'' as an unwritten tatbestand, which is s helpful to understand the essence of the illegality of mala prohibita and prevent mala prohibita to be pocket crimes. So, taking ''violation of state provision'' as an unwritten tatbestand of mala prohibita enriches the content of unwritten tatbestand, and revitalizes the tatbestand theory in the field of mala prohibita.