共同正犯的基本問題

共同正犯是客觀存在的一種參與形態，不管是採取單一制正犯體系，還是採取區分制共犯體系，都不應否認共同正犯概念；共同正犯包括實行共同正犯與共謀共同正犯，否認共謀共同正犯的觀點並不可取；共同正犯與正犯具有明顯區別，最廣義的共犯包括正犯（直接正犯與間接正犯）、共同正犯、教唆犯、幫助犯（從犯）四種參與形態，而不是只有正犯、教唆犯與幫助犯三種形態；就身份犯而言，如果非身份犯在犯罪中起到了主要作用，與有身份者“共同”引起了構成要件結果，也能成為共同正犯；所謂“部分行為全部責任”，是指即使共同正犯者沒有實施構成要件的全部行為、沒有直接造成構成要件結果，但由於其行為與全部結果之間具有因果性，且在共同犯罪中起到了主要作用，也要使之對全部結果承擔正犯的責任。

Joint principals are an objective form of participation in criminal offences. The concept of joint principals should not be denied, no matter adopting the system of unified perpetrator concept or the system of differentiated accomplices between principals and secondary participants. Joint principals include joint principals commit the offence jointly and joint principals acting on a common plan. It is not a good idea to deny the existence of joint principals acting on a common plan. There are clear distinctions between joint principals and principal. In the broadest sense, accomplice includes four forms of participation: principal(direct principal and principal by proxy), joint principals, abetting and aiding. Instead, there are not just three forms of participation of principal, abetting and aiding. In terms of status criminals, if the non-status criminal plays a major role in the joint crime and causes the constitutive result element together with the status criminal, he can also be held as a principal(joint principals). The so-called theory of ''full responsibility for partial act'' refers to that even if a principal does not carry out all the constitutive act and does not directly cause the constitutive result. However, due to the causation relationship between his act and the entire result and the fact that he plays a major role in the joint crime, he should be held to take the principal’s responsibility for the entire result of the offence.