超越“錯誤法社會學”

多數法社會學理論以揭示與批評法律實踐中規範與事實的斷裂與偏離為己任，方法論上屬於“錯誤社會學”之一種，可以名之為“錯誤法社會學”。“錯誤社會學”預設了本體實在論的觀念，即認為社會事實是獨立於觀察者的“如其所是”的存在，卻因此導致了一系列方法論的困境，尤其是無法觀察以“認知”與“規範”形式存在的社會事實。通過借鑒胡塞爾的意識現象學的觀念與方法，並進一步借助系統論、控制論、生物認識論和資訊理論等交叉學科研究的方法予以綜合與改造，盧曼提出以“意義”概念作為社會學的基本範疇，進而建構出一套全新的社會學的概念與方法的體系，並將其適用於法社會學研究領域，從而克服了“錯誤法社會學”的方法論困境，不但使得用社會學方法將“規範”作為事實進行觀察得以可能，還進一步通過揭示世界的複雜性與偶聯性，改變了我們觀察和描述社會事實的角度與方法，從而使從社會演化的角度觀察和研究中國轉型時期的法律與社會成為可能。

Most of the sociology of lawdevote themself to disclose the deviate of Fact from the norm, just like the sociology of error in the area of sociology of cognition, we can call this kind sociology of law as some kind of sociology of Error. The sociology of Error supposed that the world exists as there is, independent from the observer. Just because of this presupposition, it cannot observe the social fact such as norm and cognition, but only the fact deviate from them. With reference from the method of phenomenological methodology of Edmund Husserl、and the interdisciplinary research of the general theory of system、cybernetics、biological epistemology and information theory, Niklas luhmann suggested to chose the concept meaning as the basic category of the sociology, and develop a new paradigm of sociology, that is social system theory. Luhmann applied social system theory in the field of sociology of law, and has overcome the difficulty of sociology of Error. Then we can observe the norm as social fact sociologically, and what’s more, through disclose the Complex and Contingency of the world, we find that the recognition of the meaning system as the background of the social fact is the precondition of the observation of the social fact. This will enlighten the sociology of law in china very much.