《民法總則》個人資訊保護條文研究

在《民法總則》制定前和起草過程中法學界對個人資訊保護進行了必要的研究和理論儲備，該法草案第二次審議稿增加了個人資訊保護條文以回應迫切的社會需求。個人資訊的本質在於其能夠單獨或者結合其他資訊識別特定個人身份的屬性。無論將個人資訊理解為權利還是利益，都不妨礙法律將其確定為自然人的人身非財產性質的人格權（權益）且具有支配性特徵；其義務主體負有相應的作為和不作為義務。目前以刑法手段保護個人資訊走在了前面，而用民事手段保護個人資訊的效果尚未彰顯。需要探討民事司法保護個人資訊的積極作用，同時從民法分則和制定《個人資訊保護法》兩方面強化個人資訊的立法保護。

Before and in the process of drafting the General Provisions of the Civil Law in China, the legal profession carried out the necessary research and theoretical preparation for the protection of personal information. Against this background, the second deliberative draft of the Draft of General Provisions of the Civil Law added personal information protection provisions in response to urgent social needs. The essence of personal information is its ability to identify specific personal identities either alone or in combination with other information. Regardless of whether personal information is understood as a right or an interest, it does not prevent the law from determining it as a natural person’s non-property personality right(interest)with a dominant character, and the obligation subject has corresponding obligations to act or omit. At present, the criminal protection on personal information has made a head start, and the effect of protecting personal information by using civil lawsuits is still not clear. It is thus necessary to explore the positive role of civil justice in protecting personal information and to strengthen the legislative protection of personal information by establishing the Specific Provisions of Civil Law and the Personal Information Protection Law.