論合同漏洞及其補充

合同漏洞補充是一種特殊的合同解釋方法。合同漏洞有狹義和廣義之分，由於狹義的合同漏洞確定性較強，其補充方法也可用於廣義的合同漏洞，故在此僅討論前者。合同漏洞往往因當事人應約定而未約定產生。構成合同漏洞，必須同時違反合同計畫和具備不圓滿性。補充合同漏洞，首先由當事人以協議為之。協議不成時，由裁判者尋覓合適的強制性規定、任意性規定、宣導性規定，包括《合同法》分則、《合同法》第61、62條等予以填補。若如此操作不合適，則應採用補充的合同解釋填補合同漏洞。各合同漏洞補充方法適用有順序先後，以及例外情形。交易習慣亦為補充合同漏洞時應考慮的因素，至於其為獨立的補充合同漏洞的方法還是歸屬於補充的合同解釋，均不無道理。在運用具體的補充合同漏洞的方法之後，還應基於誠信和公平二項原則，在總體上作最後的審視、權衡，力求妥實。

The filling of contract gaps is a special way of interpreting contracts. Contract gaps have a narrow definition and broad definition. Because of the certainty of the narrow definition of contract gaps and since some methods to fill such gaps can also be used for broad contract gaps, only the former is discussed here. To be defined as a contract gap, it must violate the contract plan and entertain incompleteness. The contract gaps will happen due to issues that should have been agreed by parties in the contract. To fill a contract gap, firstly we accept a follow-up agreement from the parties. When the agreement is not made, the judge will seek appropriate mandatory rules, arbitrary rules or advocacy rules, including the rules of specific contracts in ''China Contract Law'' , Article 61, 62 of ''China Contract Law'' . If the above operations are not suitable, a supplementary contractual interpretation should be used to fill the gaps. The mentioned methods of gaps filling have a sequence of applying, ae well as exceptions. Trading habits are also factors that should be considered, which can be seen as an independent method of filling contractual gaps or part of the supplementary contractual interpretation. After applying specific methods to fill contractual gaps, final review and trade-off based on the principle of good faith and fairness should be applied, in order to achieve the most appropriate solution.