東亞政黨體制中的共同議題和價值

In Search of Common Issue and Value Dimensions in East Asian Party Systems

雖然多數關於東亞政黨體制的分析皆聚焦在單一國家上，本文嘗試尋找形塑區域各國之間政黨競爭在議題和價值取向上的共同點。本文試超出政治上傳統的「左右之分」，假設劃分主要政黨的五個面向：經濟議題、文化價值、對民主的偏好、對威權統治的評價和民族主義。透過跨國民意調查，本文引各項指標，觀察主要黨支持者之間可被區分的程度。研究發現在許多案例裡，「對於威權的評價」是劃分政黨的重要因素，而「經濟取向」鮮少造成各黨間的差異。最後，本文亦探討，在東亞政黨體制中尋找「政黨競爭的共同根源」可能面臨的困難

While most studies of party systems in East Asia are organized around analysis of individual countries, this paper searches for commonalities in issue and value orientations that structure party competition across the region. Going beyond the commonly used left-right paradigm, we theorize five dimensions that may form salient divides among major parties: economic issues, cultural values, attitudes toward democracy, appraisal of former authoritarian rule, and nationalism. Using cross-national public opinion surveys, we examine the extent to which major party supporters are distinguishable on each dimension. Findings show that past regime evaluation constitutes a significant party divide in a majority of cases, while parties are rarely differentiated by economic preferences. We also discuss difficulties in identifying common axes of competition among East Asian party systems.