東亞總統制國家憲政結構發展比較分析

A Comparative Analysis for the Development of Constitutional Structure in East Asian Presidency Countries

所謂制度選擇研究乃希望由行動者選擇的角度，來研究關於決策形成、議題設定與制度形塑等問題。以東亞來說，各國在制度上的歧異性本即使其呈現「制度博物館」的面貌，在逐漸走向民主的過程中，亦出現相當複雜的制度再選擇結果。在此過程中，東亞地區國家在選擇新制度時，究竟面臨著何種環境背景？它們何以會決定採取西方式的政治制度？這種源於異質性社會發展經驗的制度是否能符合各國的現實需要？東亞各國在引進新制度時，是否或如何根據個別需求進行修正？在西方制度與傳統政治文化並存運作的情況下，東亞各國又出現過何種政治變遷以調適其中的衝突？在此，本文將以總統制國家為例，努力說明並釐清前述一連串問題

The aim of institution choice studies is trying to realize the issues about policy formation, agenda setting and institutional development by watching how political actors choose it. In East Asia, the so-called ''Museum of Institution'' in the world, we could find lots of examples about ''re-choice of institution'' after their movement of democratization, and our questions are: what's the environmental background when they try to choose the new institution? Why do they decide to choose a western-style institution? Whether the institution coming from a heterogeneous society could solve their problems or not? How would East Asian countries revise their institutions according their own demands? And how do the countries in East Asia proceed to push a reform to adjust the conflict between western institution and traditional culture? In this paper, we will take the examples of some presidency countries in East Asia to interpret what would happen to them possibly.