孫德謙《古書讀法略例》之閱讀論發凡

The Reading Theory of Suen Deqian's ''Analysis's reading method of Ancient Books''

孫德謙，清末民初知名的文史名家，同王國維、張爾田齊名。博通經史，于諸子、目錄之學尤擅。氏著《古書讀法略例》為其晚年之作，旨在為前賢辨誣求真，為後學息疑牖智，治己及物，有功家國。全書共分六卷五十二條例，各卷似是隨編隨著，比類相鄰，未見系統；筆者嘗自閱讀論之角度，摭拾條例，重加歸類，試立閱讀行為之架構為「閱讀準備」和「閱讀實踐」兩階段及相關之七要項，並加評析，冀能探究孫德謙設置條例之動因、目的及預期果效。而「閱讀論」的根本關懷，則在於凸出讀者於「閱讀活動」中之重要性，以及讀者在閱讀過程當中，應當受到如何的規範，避免讀者肆意馳騁其思考、臆斷，而對文本進行不當詮釋，孫德謙於是書言「善讀」之宗旨，或即在此矣。

Sun Deqian, a famous writer of literature and history in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, is as famous as Wang Guowei and Zhang Ertian. He knows well the China's History and Confucian classics and is especially good at the study of Chinese thinkers and bibliographies. His book ''Reading method's analysis of Ancient Books'' is his later work, aiming at distinguishing the falsehood and seeking truth for the sages, correct the research findings of the later scholars, and making contributions to the country. The book is divided into six volumes and fifty-two regulations, and there is no unified system. From the perspective of reading theory, the author tries to pick up the regulations and re-classify them. The author tries to establish the framework of reading behavior as ''preparation for reading'' and ''practice of reading'' two stages and seven related key items, and comments on them, hoping to explore the motivation, purpose and expected effect of Sun Deqian's regulations. The fundamental concern of ''reading theory'' is to highlight the importance of readers in ''reading activities'', and how readers should be regulated in the process of reading, so as to avoid readers'wanton thinking and speculation, and improper interpretation of the text. This is what Sun Deqian meant by ''correct reading''.