金大中金融改革與南韓政經體制的轉變

Change in South Korea's Political Economic Institutions: Kim Dajung's Financial Reform

自從一九九八年二月金大中就任南韓大統領以來，他一方面利用國際貨幣基金的紓困方案積極對南韓進行經濟結構的改革，在另一方面則越過傳統官僚體系，成立獨立性組織，對南韓政治進行行政革新，從最近這三年經濟指標看來，南韓是受到一九九七年亞洲金融風暴國家當中經濟復甦最快的國家，可見金大中的經改措施是有相當的成效。本文認為南韓經濟體質的主要缺失在於規模過度龐大而負債累累的財閥，以及銀行體系累積鉅額的不良債權，因此，南韓經濟改革的主要措施應著重於對財閥進行財務結構改革與減併縮編計畫，同時對銀行體系進行結構性的合併計畫，然而這些改革措施勢必會影響到傳統的政府官僚與企業之間運作的互動模式。本文的主要目的，是從政府與企業互動關係的轉變，檢證金大中在金融風暴之後對南韓所實施的政經改革。本文認為金大中的改革能夠成功的最主要關鍵，在於他並不依循傳統的官僚-企業運作模式來進行改革。而是另起爐灶重新建立新的監督體系，使得其政經改革不會受到過去官僚-企業共生體系的影響，而改革措施實施之後將使得南韓從朴正熙時期所建立的政經體制完全改觀。

Since Kim Dajung became the president of South Korea in February 1998, he has proposed two policy agendas. First, he draws aid from the International monetary Fund in order to reform the South Korean economic structure. Second, he has gone beyond the traditional bureaucratic system and established an independent organization to carry out political reform. Judging from recently released economic indicator, South Korea is among the countries recovering most rapidly from the Asian financial crisis. Kim's reforms thus seem to have made significant advancements. The primary goal of this paper is to use the Bureau-Pluralist approach to observe the relationship between the state and business in analyzing Kim Dajung's reformation. The author concludes that the primary reasons behind Kim's success are as follows: First, he does not go through traditional bureaucratic channels. Second, he is reestablishing a new monitoring system. As result, Kim's reformation is fundamentally reshaping South Korea's political economic institutions that had been established by Park Chung-hee.