柯林頓政府的金融外交－－多邊主義、多管道對話與民間角色

The Clinton Administration's Financial Diplomacy: Multilateralism, Multilateral Dialogue, and the Role of the Private Sector

本文以新制度主義的觀點，從國際與國內層面探討美國在亞太金融風暴中所採取的多邊機制金融外交政策。其主要目的在於說明金融市場全球化的本質，限制了國家採取單邊主義的外交政策。一九九七年開始的亞洲金融風暴中，柯林頓政府透過IMF機制中的嚴苛金融改革條件，試圖加速東亞國家金融自由化的政策目的。柯林頓政府的金融外交具備基本特色包括以下五點：一、透過多邊機制達成美國經貿外交的目的；二、透過多管道對話降低政治干預色彩；三、利用一體化市場的力量促成國家機關的金融體制改革；四、邀請民間部門參與提供資金共同維繫金融秩序；五、透過金融市場秩序的建構鞏固美國政經領導地位。從實質影響而言，美國積極地利用了亞洲金融風暴的時機，加速顛覆東亞國家對市場干預的傳統。然而國內和國際的制度因素卻使得柯林頓政府的金融外交未如預期之有效。

The global impact of financial integration is a mixed blessing for the United States. Although the Clinton Administration has been pushing very hard to solicit congressional support for the IMF initiative in Asia financial crisis, it is confronted with unexpected strong opposition in the House of Representatives. The institutional constraints have handicapped Clinton from pursuing his flnancial diplomacy in East Asia. Nonetheless, the U.S. govermment has been successfully pushing ahead the scheduled financial liberalization in this area thanks to the crisis. This paper examines the basic framework of Clinton's financial diplomacy, namely: (1) a multilateral approach in foreign economic policy to serve a greater political purpose; (2) multilateral dialogue among high-ranking officers and state leaders to lessen political sensitivity; (3) solicitation of market power to hasten the process of financial reform; (4) invitations for the private sector to join the U.S. initiative in the construction of a global financial order; (5) fortification of American leadership in global affairs.