沖繩返還を巡る釣魚台諸島主権に関する一考

琉球群島返還下的釣魚臺列嶼主權爭議考（The Study on Sovereignty Disputes over Diaoyutai Islands in the Return of Ryukyu Islands）

日本東京都知事石原慎太郎於2012年4月間在美國華盛頓提出「東京都購島釣魚台」之主張後，再次觸動釣魚台主權爭議而引起東海緊張局勢升溫，回顧二戰後的釣魚台主權爭議歷史，美國足以論為影響釣魚台主權之最關鍵性因素。韓戰爆發以降，美軍主導下的台、美、日三方間存有緊密合作之夥伴關係，包含釣魚台等主權爭議問題因美國對台協防駐軍而獲暫時性攔置，時至前美國總統尼克森（Richard Nixon）在1970年代起改採行「關島主義」之新亞洲政策，接續移交日本釣魚台之「行政管理權」並對台撤軍，台日之間的釣魚台主權爭議正式浮上檯面；審視今日台、日、中國大陸三方因爭奪釣魚台主權而日漸白熱化的衝突中，仍可見美國出面干預之足跡。前述釣魚台主權爭議之演變歷程，有其十分複雜之時代背景與國際因素，本文期能藉由解析相關因素與時空背景，釐清造成其今日釣魚台主權爭議之脈絡與關鍵。

The tension in East China Sea, resulted from sovereignty disputes over Diaoyutai Islands, has been intensified, as soon as Shintaro Ishihara, the Governor of Tokyo, proposed to purchase the Islands on his visit to Washington on April 2012. Re-examining the history of Diaoyutai disputes after the World War II, we found that U.S. had been playing a key role in this issue. After the Korean War, there had been close cooperation relationships among Taiwan, the U.S., and Japan, and it was mainly dominated by the U.S. forces. The sovereignty disputes over Diaoyutai Islands had been temporarily kept untouched, because U.S. offered the protection and stationed its forces in Taiwan. The disputes did not become an important issue until Richard Nixon, the former U.S. President, adopted a new Asian policy, the Guam Doctrine, and handed over the 'administration' of Diaoyutai Islands to Japan in the 1970s. Examining the disputes over the Islands among Taiwan, Japan, and mainland China, we can still see the impacts that resulted from U.S. interventions. There are complicated historical and international factors within the transformation of the disputes. This paper is aimed at clarifying the key points by analyzing these related factors and historical backgrounds.