日本における産業集積政策の運用について－－阪神・淡路大震災の復興政策と特区制度を事例に

日本產業集聚政策之運用－－以阪神‧淡路大地震後之復興政策與特區制度為例（Japan's Industrial Cluster Policy: Case study of the Industrial Reconstruction Policy after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake）

過去的20年間，日本的地區性產業政策，特別是在產業集聚概念的引進、運用上有了極大的轉變；從以往由政府中央主導、規劃，藉由財政‧金融措施以減少城鄉經濟差距、抒解產業過度集中的傳統方式，轉變為由地方政府‧民間企業進行主導、規劃。在1995年阪神‧淡路大地震發生後，特區制度藉由促進新興產業、企業與工廠的進駐來加速該地區之產業集聚的成立、發展已經成為最重要的政策模式。本文探討日本阪神‧淡路大地震發生後，特區制度的政策形成過程與產生之效果；發現震災後之復興戰略，特別是產業集聚政策就是最早體現上述轉變的具體事例。產業集聚政策作為重建戰略的一部份，主要規劃用來加速兵庫縣與神戶市的產業、經濟復興。兵庫縣與神戶市透過政策實施與產官學合作以促進具有未來發展、成長前景之戰略產業，例如IT、資訊與通訊、醫療等產業進駐神戶Port Island地區，設立研發、製造、流通部門。作為政策重心之特區制度—企業特區、醫療都市構想計畫就是其中最成功的案例。

In the past 20 years, the performance of regional industrial policy in Japan, made a dramatic turnaround from government-initiated to private-sector initiative especially after the introduction of the concept of industrial clusters. After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the special zone system promoted emerging industries, new businesses, and new facilities, becoming the most important policy tool for accelerating formation and development of regional industrial clusters. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect and policy formation process of the special zone system after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. The major finding of the analytical result is reconstruction strategy, especially since industrial cluster policy is designed to revitalize Hyogo and Kobe's industry and economy. Hyogo and Kobe endeavored in cooperation with industrial, academic and government organizations for the creation of research, production and distribution complexes on the Kobe Port Island for the advancement of strategic industries, like information and communications, medical industry, which are considered as growth strategic industries in 21st century. Enterprise zone and the Kobe biomedical innovation cluster are the most successful cases.