歐盟反壟斷民事訴訟證據規則研究

Study on Evidence Rules of EU Antitrust Civil Litigation

反壟斷民事訴訟是私人當事人（經營者、消費者等）就壟斷行為追究民事責任而宣導或介入的反壟斷法實施活動。反壟斷民事訴訟案件特別強調案件的事實，需要大量的能夠證明案件事實的證據。在反壟斷民事訴訟中，舉證責任的分配一般來說遵循「誰主張誰舉證」的原則，但是，在一定情況下，應該透過舉證責任分配適當減輕原告的舉證責任。歐盟希望並且強調透過證據規則的完善來促使原告勝訴，以克服原告提起反壟斷訴訟的困難。在2014年的《損害賠償的成員國規則》指令中，歐盟委員會對反壟斷民事訴訟證據規則作出新的規定。

Antitrust civil litigation initiated by private parties (enterprises, consumers, etc.) aims at ascertaining the civil liabilities caused by the antitrust infringements. In antitrust civil litigations, the case facts cases are very important. It would require a large number of facts to prove the truth of case. Generally, the distribution of the burden of proof follows the principle of “who advocates, who has to put to the proof ” in antitrust civil actions. However, in some cases, we should appropriately relief the plantiffs’ burden by the distribution of the burden of proof.In order to help the claimant to win the lawsuit, the Commission therefore suggests improving the evidence rules. The Commission made new provisions on the rules of evidence for antitrust civil litigation in rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the Member States and of the European Union in 2014.