大專跆拳道品勢動作難易度之主觀認知分析

Analysis of Subjective Cognitive Differences of Taekwondo on the Difficulty of Poomsae Moves among Collegiate Athletes

目的：本研究主要在調查大專跆拳道品勢動作難易度之主觀認知分析。方法：以104年全國大專運動會品勢項目公開組選手比賽為主要研究對象，以普查方式共計發出78份，扣除無效問卷14份，回收整理後得有效問卷64份（男N=35、女N=29），回收率82.1％。內容調查主要為：ㄧ、分析大專跆拳道品勢公開組選手主觀認知難易度差異情形。二、分析大專跆拳道品勢公開組選手主觀認知對手部、步法、足技動作難易度差異情形。並以單因子變異數(one-way ANOVA) 分析比較，結果：ㄧ、在整體大專組跆拳道品勢選手主觀認知難易度最高為平原型。二、在整體品勢技術動作中手部比較結果並無明顯差異，但在步法與足技動作難易度則明顯達顯著差異。結論與建議：ㄧ、研究中發現品勢技術動作中的步法以金剛型的獨立步難易度明顯高於其他品勢步法動作。二、足技動作以平原型的前踢連接後側踢的難易度高於其他品勢足技動作。建議多加演練難易度較高的品勢，及充分熟練的掌握各品勢演繹中步法及足技動作特點。利用相關科研儀器，協助訓練順利進行及增強核心肌群，以上提供跆拳道品勢教練、選手作為訓練及比賽之參考。

Purpose: the study attempted to investigate collegiate athletes’ subjective cognitive differences on the difficulty of Poomsae moves in Taekwondo. Methods: research participants were athletes who competed in 2015 National Intercollegiate Athletic Games. 78 questionnaires were administrated and 64 valid ones were retrieved (male： 35; female：29). The subjective cognitive differences on the difficulty of Poomsae as well as the subjective cognitive differences on the difficulty of hands, stances, foot techniques in Poomsae by collegiate athletes were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Results: 1. Collegiate athletes considered the most difficult Poomsae move was Pyongwon. 2. There were no significant differences among the subjective cognitive difficulties on hand techniques, while the differences among subjective cognitive difficulties on stances and foot techniques were significant. Conclusions and Suggestions: 1. The findings showed, “crane stance” in Keumgang was considered significant harder than other Poomsae stances. 2. The food techniques (front kick followed by back side kick) in Pyogwon was considered significant harder than other Poomsae foot techniques. It is suggested, athletes should practice more on those stances and foot techniques considered more difficult. Also, assistant equipment can be used to improve the skills, for instance, the proprioception control ability on the ankles as well as core muscles can be enhanced by training on the unstable surface of BOSU ball. The findings of this study can serve as the references for Taekwondo Poomsae coaches and athletes during trainings and competitions.