The Role of Governance in Bilateral and National Climate Change Financial Mechanisms

治理於雙邊及國家氣候變遷財務機制中之角色

隨著全球暖化所帶來的環境、社會與經濟成本迅速的增加，以及伴隨全球暖化而來的環境災害增多，氣候變遷減緩與調適工作之財務需求日益升高。但，透過各式氣候變遷財務機制所募集的財務資源，並無法滿足此一財務需求。故，國際間以及各國政府均將氣候變遷財務機制視為重要的政策議題。除了於國際氣候變遷管制體系下之財務機制外，各國政府也開始設立國家氣候變遷財務機制，以便與國際氣候變遷財務機制互補。國際氣候變遷財務機制自九○年代起即開始發展，由其運作經驗顯示，任一成功運作的氣候變遷財務機制，有相當大的部分是取決於其治理架構的設計。於聯合國氣候變化綱要公約下之相關談判中，設計出的有關治理的四項指導原則，扮演關鍵的角色。於設計國家氣候變遷財務機制的治理架構時，適用此四項指導原則，將帶來哪些啟示？此四項指導原則於國家氣候變遷財務機制的治理，是否扮演同樣重要的角色？此為本文欲回答之核心研究問題。此外，有鑑於許多國家氣候變遷財務機制，其財務來源為雙邊氣候變遷財務機制，因此，本文於分析國家氣候變遷財務機制的治理時，將同時把雙邊氣候變遷財務機制的治理也作為研究對象。

Financial needs for climate change mitigation and adaptation have been increasing rapidly as the environmental, social and economic cost of global warming and its associated environmental catastrophe has arisen on an unprecedented scale. Financial resources channelled through various types of climate change financial mechanisms (CCFMs), however, have not been increasing at the same speed to meet such needs. It is no wonder that discussion on CCFMs has been on the top of agenda both internationally and domestically. In addition to the financial mechanisms under the international climate change regime, governments also employ national CCFMs to supplement these international mechanisms. As international CCFMs have been developing and evolving since early 1990s, experiences shown that successful operation of any CCFM depend, to a large extent, on the design of its governance structures. Several guiding principles concerning the design of CCFMs’ governance structures in the context of negotiation under the UNFCCC regime are crucial. For the design of national CCFMs’ governance structure, what lessons can be learned from applying these guiding principles? Are these guiding principles playing an equally important role in the governance of national CCFMs? These are the central research questions this paper seeks to answer. Last but not least, many national CCFMs rely partially on bilateral CCFMs. Therefore, in analysing the role of governance in national CCFMs, governance in bilateral CCFMs will also be examined for its implications on national CCFMs.