論傅柯「人之死」的概念兼談主體解放與生命的意義   全文下載

A Study on Foucault’s “Death of Man”: The Liberation of Subject and Meaning of Life

「人之死」的概念是傅柯思想中最具顛覆性與創新的觀點。此概念的提出在於，針對「上帝已死」之後，主體或者說做為主體的人類在思想中被抬升至首位，一切真理只能立基於「人是什麼？」這一問題回答的基礎上進行反思，而其代表的是傅柯對於現代哲學的人類學化發展的批判。表面上現代哲學在凸顯人做為主體、成為世界的主宰者，但實質上則是在「知識─權力」的架構下，把人變成被徹底奴役的產物。本研究的目的在對傅柯「人之死」概念提出之理論背景進行探究，並且透過傅柯對現代哲學人類學這一概念下的「現代人」的批判，來說明現代個體生存處境的問題，從而指出如何擺脫現代社會的束縛，尋求生命的意義，活出更本真的自己。

The “death of man” is the most subversive and innovative view point of Foucault. After the “death of God”, the subject or man as the subject was raised to the top of the thought and all truth can only be a reflection on the answer to the question “what is man?”. The concept “death of man” is Foucault’s critique on the development of anthropologization in modern philosophy. Ostensibly, modern philosophy highlights man as the subject and the world’s dominator. Nevertheless, it turns man into a slave under the framework of “knowledge/ power”. This paper aims to discuss the theoretical background of Foucault’s “death of man” and to explain the problem of modern individuals’ existence through Foucault’s critique on “modern man” in order to point out how man can get rid of the shackles of modern society, search for the meaning of life, and live more authentically.