由歐洲人權法院裁判再探代孕之禁制與開放──論子女最佳利益之優位原則

Revisiting the Restrictions and Legalization of Surrogacy from Judgments of European Court of Human Rights: a Discussion about the Prioritization of Children’s Best Interests

由於代孕人工生殖涉及高度倫理性爭議，使得各國對於是否應開放代孕人工生殖有極為分歧之規定。此一結果造成許多不孕夫妻在本國法禁止代孕的情況下，至其他合法代孕國家進行代孕，卻在將子女帶回本國後，因違反公序良俗，產生對代孕子女身分認定之困難，使代孕子女利益遭受重大侵害。本文由歐洲人權法院相關案例出發，探討子女最佳利益原則在涉外代孕中所應扮演的角色，以及如何成為各國代孕人工生殖政策上，所應考量之最重要原則。

Since surrogacy is a highly controversial ethical issue, there exist different regulations about its legalization. Therefore, for infertile couples living in country that bans surrogacy, they will choose to do so in other countries. However, after bringing back children to their home country, they have to face the difficulties about recognizing these children’s identity due to the violation of public order and good moral. This article will start by introducing cases of European Court of Human Rights and then analyzing the role of “children’s best interests” principle. After that, we will discuss how this principle becomes the most fundamental consideration for each country with regard to surrogacy policy.