RCA事件與疫學因果關係

RCA Event and Causation in Epidemiology

侵權行為損害賠償責任之成立，加害人之行為與被害人之損害間存在因果關係。原則上，原告（被害人）須證明此因果關係之存在。由於公害事件常涉及到複雜科技問題，因而原告（被害人）很難證明此因果關係之存在。基於減輕原告之舉證責任負擔之目的，日本學理便提出疫學因果關係理論運用於公害案件中。然何謂因果關係？疫學因果關係理論適用之標準為何？針對此等問題，本文擬整理德國、日本及我國等國之學說與實務見解，供讀者參考。

Tort liability was established, when the Tortfeasor’s behavior caused the victim’s damage. In Principle the plaintiff must prove causation in tort law. A public nuisance often involve complex scientific and technical issues, so it is difficult for the plaintiff (victim) to prove the existence of a causation. In order to reduce the Plaintiff’s burden of proof in cases of public nuisance, Japanese theory has proposed causation theory in epidemiology in cases of the public nuisance. But what is the causation? What is the applicable standard of causation theory in epidemiology ? This article would make a description with the introduction of German and Japanese law practice and theory, as well as organize the opinions of our practice and theory, hoping to provide comparative law aspect to the whole study.