處境、斷裂與騷亂學－－對施米特政治法學的反思

Situation, Fracture and Stasiology - Reflection on the Political Legal Theory of Carl Schmitt

施米特的政治法學將對主權者的辨識置於關鍵地位，但創造處境、保護處境、解釋根本問題和判決重要爭端的主體不盡一致，給主權者的辨識帶來了重要的理論困難。對這一問題的深入追溯揭示出施米特學說中存在的重要斷裂：四種主體的分化歸根結底是處境創造者和保護者的矛盾，二者處於統一體中卻可能發生衝突。施米特通過騷亂學來處理這一矛盾，將希望寄託於處境的守護者。在當代社會，政治精英集團的複合型人格可能充當這個守護者的角色，但其動態複合結構比施米特學說中預設的單一位格對政治法學提出了更深刻的理論挑戰。

Carl Schmitts political legal theory highlighted the recognition of Sovran However, the unidentity of the four subjects, namely the creator and guarantee of political situation, the interpreter of basic matters and the judicator of fundamental disputes, had made significant difficulties to recognize the Sovran Fractures can be discovered when we probe deeper into his theory, which show that the disidentification of the four subjects should be attributed to the contradiction of the creator and the guarantee of situation They are unitized in an entia with potential conflicts Schmitt integrated the conflict into his Stasiology and supported the guarantee of situation In modern society, groups of political elites may play the role of guarantee, which usually function with dynamic polyphonic structures rather than Schmittian single Person and bring greater theoretical challenges.