大學生運動情形與憂鬱傾向之關聯研究－自覺健康及幸福感之中介效果探討

Research on Sports Associated with Depression in Undergraduate: A Study on the Intermediary Effect of Health Consciousness and Well-Being

背景和目的：憂鬱症一直是全球關心的心理健康問題，根據董氏基金會2012 年的研究調查指出，全台有18.7% 的大學生有明顯憂鬱情緒，而運動對憂鬱傾向的改善有一定的影響性，故本研究擬探討大學生運動情形與憂鬱傾向間之關聯效果，並以自覺健康及幸福感為中介變數。方法：本研究對象為101 年度應屆入學新生，利用「台灣人憂鬱量表」、「運動情形」、「自覺健康」與「幸福感量表」來測量學生之各種狀態，並使用Amos 22.0 版軟體來驗證本研究架構。結果：自覺健康及幸福感皆對憂鬱傾向有直接的負向影響效果。在各路徑效果上，以「幸福感對憂鬱傾向」的影響極大。「運動情形對憂鬱傾向」雖無直接影響效果，但運動情形在透過自覺健康及幸福感的中介下，對憂鬱傾向的影響就會明顯地表現出來。結論：若學生有好的運動習慣而自覺健康，將可能有助於學生幸福感的提升，進而減低其憂鬱的傾向。學校應設計及推廣適合的體適能活動，讓學生找回身體上的自覺健康及情緒上的幸福感，以改善其憂鬱現象。

Background and purpose: The research conducted by the John Tung Foundation in 2012 showed that 18.7% of college students in Taiwan showed signs of depression. Some literatures have shown that sports has a certain influence on reducing depressive tendencies. Therefore, the present research aims to examine the effects, if any, of sports or health awareness and well-being on the depressive tendencies of university students. Method: The study participants involved 101 college freshmen. The "Taiwanese depression scale," "sports," "health consciousness," and "psychological well-being" were used to measure the psychological state of the students. The Amos version 22.0 was employed to verify the research framework. Results: Health consciousness and well-being had a direct negative effect on the depressive tendencies of the students. In terms of the effect of each path, well-being had a great influence on their depressive tendencies. Although sports had no direct effect on their depressive tendencies, its effect on these tendencies can be clearly observed through the intermediary agents of "health consciousness" and "wellbeing." Conclusion: Good exercise habits and improved health consciousness will help students become happy, which will then lessen their depressive tendencies. Therefore, schools should aim to address the depressive tendencies of students by designing and promoting activities that will increase health and fitness awareness and by providing opportunities to engage in sports.