大學生健康行為、主觀幸福感與自覺健康關係之研究

A Study of Health-related Behavior, Subjective Well-Being, and Self-Rated Health among University Students

背景及目的：個人健康習慣與其健康狀態有關，所以年輕族群應在大學階段建立健康的生活型態。本研究主要目的是探討健康行為、主觀幸福感與自覺健康之關係。方法：以某私立大學大三學生為對象，採分層集束抽樣方式進行，共有933 人完成問卷調查（有效回收率95%）。研究工具包含自覺健康、主觀幸福感、好朋友人數、健康行為（包含運動行為、吸菸行為、蔬果攝取行為、熬夜、電腦使用行為）。資料採變異數分析、複迴歸、徑路分析等統計分析。結果：研究發現大學生自覺健康屬於中等，73.4% 大學生在12 點之後睡覺、每天3 份以上蔬菜佔4.7%，每天攝取2 份水果僅佔6.3%。透過複迴歸及徑路分析發現性別、睡眠、運動及主觀幸福感能預測自覺健康狀態（adjusted R2=0.196），主觀幸福感對健康行為有中介效果，影響其自覺健康狀態。結論：大學生運動、睡眠、每日蔬菜攝取、主觀幸福感與自覺健康有顯著關，建議未來大專院校應將睡眠、運動、每日蔬果攝取行為議題納入推動健康促進學校計畫的重要議題。

Background and Objective: Healthy lifestyle is related to one's health status. Thus, it is beneficial for young adults to develop healthy lifestyle while they are at colleges. The aim of this study is to explore the relationships among health behavior, subjective well-being and health status. Methods: Junior students in a private university participated in the study, whom were recruited through a stratified cluster sampling approach. 933 of them completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 95%. Measures in the questionnaire include health status, subjective well-being, number of good friends, and health behaviors (i.e., exercise, smoking behavior, fruit and vegetable intakes, time to go to bed, and length of computer use). ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, and path analysis were conducted. Results: The study found that most of respondents considered their health status as an average. Among the respondents, 73.4% went to bed after midnight, 4.7% consumed more than three servings of vegetables, and 6.3% consumed two servings of fruit each day. Results from multiple regression and path analysis revealed that gender, staying up late, exercise, and subjective well-being significantly predicted respondents’ health status (adjusted R2 = 0.196). Subjective well-being was also found to mediate the relationship of number of good friends and health behaviors with health status. Conclusion: Exercise, staying up late, daily intake of vegetable and subjective well-being significantly predict college students’ health status. This finding suggests that the sleep pattern, exercise, and daily intakes of fruit and vegetable may play important roles in shaping one’s health, and shall be included in health promotion programs implemented by colleges and universities.