健康促進生活型態與健康之相關性探討─以北部某綜合大學新生為例

Relations between Healthy Lifestyle and Health: An Example of College Freshmen in a University of North Taiwan

背景與目的：本研究目的在了解大學生健康生活型態和健康之間相關性。方法：以北部某綜合型大學101學年度入學新生為研究對象，使用健康檢查、健康生活型態問卷以及台灣人憂鬱量表串聯資料庫進行次級資料分析，將「飲食習慣、運動、物質濫用、睡眠情況、視聽娛樂、口腔保健、自我實現、人際支持」8個健康行為，歸納為3種生活型態，探討整體健康生活型態及其與生理、心理健康的相關性。研究對象4,384人，男性1,758人、女性2,626人。結果：研究對象健康行為以飲食、運動、飯後潔牙、看電視習慣表現較不理想。自我實現以及人際支持可能因剛入學亦顯低分。有25.4％歸類為「較佳」生活型態； 64.6%為「普通」生活型態；9.9％為「較差」生活型態。日間部及父親教育程度較高者，健康生活型態較佳。生活滿意度部分，「較差」生活型態者不滿意比例最高（65.3%），其次為「普通」（36.5%），而「較佳」者比例最低（27.4%）。BMI部分，「較差」生活型態者肥胖比率最高（11.5%），其次是「較佳」（8.8%），而「普通」者最低（8.6%）。血壓部分，「較差」生活型態者高血壓的比例最高（24.6%），其次為「較佳」（21.0%），而「普通」者比例最低（16.7%）。在憂鬱部分，「較差」生活型態者憂鬱比例最高（20.8%），其次為「普通」（6.3%），而「較佳」比例最低（3.0%）。結論：大學新生健康行為不盡理想。整體健康行為表現愈佳者，其不管是生理還是心理健康也愈好。

Background and purpose: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relations between healthy lifestyle and health outcomes among college freshmen. Method: A secondary data analysis linking three health datasets - the health check-up data, healthy lifestyle questionnaire, and the Taiwanese Depression Scale was applied for the study. A total of eight health behaviors (eating, exercising, substance abuse...etc) were selected to form three types of lifestyles signifying the amount of health behaviors that were done by participants : the "Better", "Fair", and "Least". Health outcomes include depression, life satisfaction, BMI, and blood pressure. Subjects: 4,384 college freshmen were included in the analyses. Results: There were 940 (25.4%) categorized as "Better", 2,386 (64.6%) as "Fair", and 366 (9.9%) as "Least". The percentage of participants who were unsatisfied with their life was 27.4% in the " Better " group, 36.5% in the "Fair", and 65.3% in the "Least" groups; the figures of those with unhealthy BMI were 8.8%, 8.6%, and 11.5%, respectively; the figures of "High blood pressure" were21.0%, 16.7%, and 24.6%, respectively; the figures of "depressed" participants were 3.0%, 6.3%, and 20.8%, respectively. The Chi-square tests were all significant. Conclusions: Health behaviors among freshmen were not good enough. The more health behaviors college students did, the healthier they were in both physical as well as psychological health. More attention should be given to the "Least" group who were at risk not only of physical health but also psychological health.