關於「まだ」與「還」的使用之考察──探討「まだ」在使用上的留意點

A Study of the Usage of“mada''and“hai'': When to Use“mada''

本論文聚焦於「まだ」與“還''在使用上的不對應情形，以探討「まだ」在使用上的留意點為目的。「まだ」的核心意思為「未達基準」，有時候會帶有「持續」之意；而“還''的核心意思為「延續」，有時候會帶有「未達基準」之意。由於這樣的不同，所以「まだ」與“還''在使用上出現了不對應的情形。(1)初次意識到該當狀態，或是敘述接下來在一般可理解的時間內要做的行動的時候，即使會使用“還''也不可使用「まだ」。(2)不具連續性但有「未達基準」的情況時，不使用“還''但須使用「まだ」。在使用「まだ」的時候，須注意上述的差異。另一方面，本論文認為，在中文裡，將某一事象嵌入時間的推移之際，容易聯想起事象的進展。而以事象的進展為前提的話，便容易意識到「現在尚未進展」(也就是「狀態延續」)，所以容易使用“還''。

The aim of this paper is to discuss the gap between “mada'' and “hai'' in use and when to use “mada. “ The core meaning of “mada'' is “not at tain the reference point, “ and sometimes it shows “cont inuity. “ The core meaning of “hai “ is “continuity, “ and sometimes i t shows “not attain the reference point. “ When to use “hai “ is not always equal to “mada. “ 1) When the situation is not iced at the first time, or when we describe what to do next at reasonable time, we may use “hai'' but not use “mada. “ 2) If the situation without “continuity'' means “not attain the reference point , “ we cannot use “hai “ but must use “mada. “ We can see “hai'' as a hint of when to use “mada, “ but just need to notice the gap. In Chinese, when an event is set into “ time, “ its progress is easy to be imaged. And if the progress is supposed, it is easy to notice that “not progress yet, “ and make us use “hai.''