日語檢驗考試N1功能詞初探

A Study of Japanese Function Words in Japanese-Language Proficiency Test N1

本文針對日語檢定考試N1語言知識內之文法功能詞計90個詞條，透過認知語言學觀點，從接續形式、語法化、口語或書面語、公用場合或私用場面、男性用或女性用、正面評價或負面評價等六大層面，一一分析探討此90個詞條之各個細目，所獲成果，統整為文法功能詞一覽表，以貢獻日語教學語法之研究與應用。結論為①接續形式多樣化，②語法化為不可避免之過程，觀察大部分功能詞皆具有此傾向，③口語與書面語之區分有些源於古典文與漢文法表現，④公用與私用之區分則明顯突出⑤男性用或女性用之區分於N1功能詞上較少見⑥情態表現的正面評價與負面評價為功能詞是否正確使用的重要指標之一，有必要一一加以釐清。

This paper is a study regarding how 90 entries of function word are distributed and used in Japanese Language Proficiency Test N1. In terms of the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this stud y will check the use of the 90 entries from six different facets, including their connection form, grammaticalization, appearing in oral form or written form, used at a public or private occasion, for male or female, with positive or negative view. Based on results, a table summarizing the usage of the Japanese grammatical function words will be built, in order to be applied in the study of Japanese teaching grammar, and used in daily communication as well. This research will adopt more objective and persuading methods to reach the research goal. By giving examples and strict analyses, the applications of these function words in the six facets will be brought out. The collected data will first be examined and analyzed by the researcher himself based on his expertise, and then 5 Japanese experts as well as Japanese native speakers will help examine the adequacy of the usages. Finally, the study will use a large corpus data to support the finding or analyses derived from the former two research steps.