〈山月記〉材源論

A Study on the Source Issue of The“Sangetsuki''

針對中島敦之〈山月記〉，一般論調傾向於原係一場自我意識之悲劇，另有一新說則倡言安祿山叛亂時期之歷史性。經查證三才，筆者確認其時代背景乃設定於安祿山作亂前夕。進一步探究唐史，更證實縱使安之叛意昭然若揭，玄宗仍採取「只殺蒼蠅、不打老虎」之姑息策略。此刻，最宜發揮功能、打下安祿山之＜虎＞者，非御史臺莫屬。中島利用《論語》虛構了「狂狷」之士。此一主角必然要化身成「虎」，之後更可看出牠欲撲向帶有「鄉愿」性格之監察御史。其再三「自嘲」，似乎意在嘲弄「不打老虎」之政局。藉由上述結構分析得以窺知，〈山月記〉創作主題應在於諷刺失能之彈劾權。戰爭體制之下，有此歷史小說之發表，似已率先道出日本有見識者之共同心聲。

General arguments tend to consider “Sangetsuki'' by Atsushi Nakajima as a tragedy of self -consciousness. There is also another newly proposed view on the historic significance of the An Lushan Rebel lion. After referencing the three elements, I confirmed the time background of “Sangetsuki'' was set to just before the An Lushan Rebellion. After further studying the history of the Tang Dynasty, it was proven that even though An's intention to rebel was very clear, Emperor Xuanzong still adopted the excessively tolerant strategy of “killing a fly only, never beating a tiger''. At that moment, the censorate was the best choice to apply its functions and beat the 'tiger', An Lu shan. Based on the “Analects of Confucius'', Nakajima made up an “ardent and cautious'' person as the leading character, who inevitably turned into a “tiger''. This character's intention to go at the investigating censor with the personality of a hypocrite then is even more obvious. Nakajima's repeated “self-mocking'' seems to be an implication of mocking the political situation of “never beating a tiger''. Based on the structural analysis above, we can see the subject of “Sangetsuki'' should be satirizing the in competent impeachment power. The publication of this kind of historical novel on a war footing seems to be the first to show the common thoughts of the knowledgeable in Japan.