日語能力檢定考試N1重組題型的分析

A Study of the Test Item of Unscrambling the Mixed-up Sentences in Japanese Language Prof Iciency N1test

包括淡江大學在內的台灣各大學日文系所，漸進採用通過日語能力檢定考試N1做為畢業的門檻，其重要性不可言喻。特別是新題型的N1重組考題對學生而言，更是一大考驗。本稿以2010年至2013年之四年間N1重組型考題為語料，依據結合價文法理論，透過結合價結構圖，顯示句子的核心在於動詞。單句動詞結構上的結合關係為任何必用成分與可用成分被特定的動詞所支配。而複句動詞結構上的結合關係為前項動詞透過轉化作用成為副詞類或名詞類形成新的必用成分或可用成分被後項動詞所支配。透過結合價結合圖可清楚地顯示句內各個成分與各個動詞之間的結合關係，對N1重組題型之學習效果必有所助益，而對提升日語教學效果與日語研究當有所貢獻。

In Taiwan, more and more departments of Japanese language in University, such as Tamkang University, ask students to meet a graduation requirement, passing Japanese Language Proficiency N1 Test (JLPT N1). Accordingly, JLPT N1 test are becoming increasingly important. Of al l test sections in JLPT N1, unscrambling the mixed-up sentences might be the most challenging one for test takers. This study collected questions of unscrambling the mix -up sentences in JLPT N1 tests from 2010 to 2013 to examine the structural or grammatical relation between al l element s in a sentence. The analyses were based on the valency grammar, and the results indicate that the core of sentences lies on verbs. For simple sentences, the verbs structurally determine whether an element is required or optional. For complicate sentences, the former verbs in the embedded clause must be transformed to adverbial or nominal form, in order to develop new required element or optional element which is dominated by the latter verb. Valence structure tree can clearly illustrates the valency relation between all elements and all verbs in one sentence. This would surely benefit the learning effects on answering the questions of unscrambling mixed-up sentences, and also improve Japanese language teaching and study.