關於日語派生形容詞的構詞．與（語彙）概念．語意構造──以附有緩和型前綴為例

A Study of the Word-Formation and Conceptual Semantic Structure of the Japanese Derived Adjectives: Focusing on Vocabulary with Prefixes

本論文的研究動機，在於想要探討日語單純形容詞「たかいtakai．かなしいkanashii」與其相關的派生（衍生）形容詞「こだかいkodakai．ものがなしいmonoganashii」之間，因為語形的變化，連帶地在其「語義內涵」和「構句功能」上,產生甚麼樣微妙的變化。而研究對象是從日語的派生形容詞中，找出因為加了前綴而使得意義產生「緩和作用」的形容詞詞彙。本研究的主要目的,是想要深入探究日語的派生形容詞，在語形改變後，其「句法構造」以及「（詞彙）概念、語義構造」的真相。作為研究的方法，首先利用詞彙調查的資料庫所收集的大約900個形容詞中，選出136個單純形容詞作為研究的出發點。然後，站在「構詞論」（衍生型態論）的立場，針對日語派生形容詞的「構詞特質」（型態特徵）與其在「日語形容詞的次類劃分」進行交叉比對、分析。希望透過此種比較與分析，可以將以形容詞的「意義特徵」「構句特徵」作為分類標準所得到的「次類劃分」之有效性，再度從「派生形容詞」的「形態變化」究竟帶來甚麼樣的「語意內涵的擴張、演變」和「構詞功能的變化」的條理化的觀點，獲得新的檢證機會。雖然還是在錯誤中摸索的階段，於本文論述內容的最後，一邊對照「日語派生形容詞」的「論元結構」、「語義腳色」的分析結果，一邊試著將研究對象的「詞彙概念結構（LCS；Lexicon ConceptualStructure）」、「意義結構（semantic structure）」與「語法結構（syntactic structure）」之間的連帶關係具體化地表記出來。

The object of this paper is to study the word-formation and conceptual semantic structure of the Japanese derived adjectives, and to focus on vocabulary with prefixes. The motivation of this paper is to explore the Japanese derived adjectives 'kodakai, monoganashii', which are associated with the simple adjectives 'takai, kanashii'. This is because morphological changes are always associated in its “semantic features'' and “syntactic featuras''. Moreover, this study will compare the adjectives of packaging the “down-tone'' prefixes with the simple adjectives, and then will find out the 'conceptual structure, the semantic structure and the syntagmaic structure of the Japanese derived adjectives. There are three steps for this study. The first step is to use vocabulary survey database collected about 900 the Japanese adjectives, and then to select 136 simple adjectives as a starting point for research. The second step, use “the morphological theory (the derived type theory)'' to compare the word-formation and the result of the subclassification about the Japanese derived adjectives. It is supposed that through this kind of comparison and analysis, the “word-formation'', “the conceptual structure'' and “the semantic structure'' of the Japanese derived adjectives can be easily to understood.