關於──temoii（ka）與「可以～（嗎）''的非對稱關係之考察──兼論可能、許可、請求的重疊性

On the Asymmetric Relationship between -temoii(ka) and keyi～(ma): Including the Overlaps among Potentials, Permission, and Requests

日語教學在導入許可表現 -temoii（ka）的時候，常會藉由中文的“可以''來幫助理解。不過，必須注意的是-temoii（ka）與“可以～（嗎）''並不完全對稱。中文裡，第一人稱（及其行為）與第二人稱（及其行為）都可以與“可以～（嗎）''一起使用，以表示許可或請求。在日語裡，「第一人稱的行為」可以後接 -temoii（ka），「第二人稱的行為」可以後接-temoii，但是「第二人稱的行為」後接-temoiika是不成立的。「第二人稱的行為+ -temoiinoka」雖能成立，但並不表示請求。本文對於為何「第二人稱的行為」不能後接-temoiika做了推導。此外，中文的“可以''一詞可用來表示可能、許可、請求，因此本文中也檢討了日語裡這三者之間的重疊性。

We always use keyi to help Chinese learners of Japanese to understand the meaning of -temoii, but it should be noticed that they are sometimes not symmetric. In Chinese, either the act of the first person or the act of the second person can be used with keyi or keyi~ ma to express permission or requests. In Japanese, the act of the first person can be followed by -temoii or -temoiika, but the act of the second person can be followed by -temoii, not by -temoiika. It is allowed that the act of the second person is followed by -temoiinoka, but it does not express requests. Keyi can be used to express potentials, permission or requests. So in this paper it is also discussed that how these three expressions can have overlaps among them in Japanese.