試論感情連用形名詞之「名詞性程度」──以「喜び、怒り、悲しみ、楽しみ、驚き」為対象

On the Noun Characteristics Degree of Rennyoukei-Nouns, Using ''Yorokobi, Ikari, Kanasimi, Tanosimi, Odoroki'' as Research Objects

本稿以表達情感的「連用形名詞」（喜び、怒り、悲しみ、楽しみ、驚き）作為考察對象（以下稱之為「感情Vn」），目的是要釐清有關「情感連用形名詞」之名詞性的高低，主要是透過考察連體修飾用法和述語用法等相關問題來確認其名詞性之程度。考察結果如下：1）「感情Vn」之中，名詞性最高的是「驚き」。也就是這個字具備了名詞應該有的條件。2）名詞性較高的「驚き」「楽しみ」同時具備修飾名詞用法和敘述用法，而「喜び」「怒り」「悲しみ」則是連體修飾用法多於述語用法。原因是這些「感情Vn」具有較高的「形容詞性」。3）「喜び」「悲しみ」雖無法單獨當作述語使用，但若在其前面添加了修飾語就可以成立。另外「怒り」幾乎不具有述語用法的功能。原因是「喜び」「悲しみ」「怒り」的名詞性較低且語意太過抽象所造成的，若不在這些語彙前面添加修飾語則無法完整表達語意。4）「楽しみ＋な＋N」（70.14%）的用法多於「楽しみ＋の＋N」（29.86%）的用法。「楽しみな」不僅常和表示程度的「もっと、一番、最も…」等副詞產生共起現象，也會和「將來、今後、これから…」等表示未來時間的語彙共同出現。5）「楽しみ」修飾用法有「楽しみ＋の＋Ｎ」「楽しみ＋な＋Ｎ」兩種表現。雖然「の」「な」皆可使用，但是意義卻不同。前者表示「性質」（屬性），後者則表示「樣態」（狀態）。

This essay researches on five emotion Rennyoukei-nouns as research objects “yorokobi'', “ikari'', “kanasimi'', “tanosimi'', “odoroki'') (referred to as Emotion Vn in the essay) in order to clarify the noun characteristics degree of emotion rennyoukei-nouns by observing the predicate and premodification usages. The findings are as follows:1) Among Emotion Vn, “odoroki'' is the word with the highest degree of noun characteristics. That is to say this word meets all the conditions of a noun.2) “odoroki'', “tanosimi'', with higher degree of noun characteristics can be used in premodification and as predicate, whereas “yorokobi'' “kanasimi'' “ikari'' are used more often in premodification than as predicate.3) “yorokobi'' and “kanasimi'' can not be used as predicate, but i t is possible after putting some modification before them. And “ikari'' can almost never be used as predicate. The reason is that “yorokobi'' “kanasimi'' “ikari'' have lower degree of noun characteristics and somehow more abstract. They can not be used to express the meaning clearly without adding some modifications.4) The usage of “tasnosimi+な+N'' (70.14%) is more common than “tasnosimi+の+N'' (29.86%). Tanosimi is often used with degree adverbs such as''もっと, 一番, 最も''. It also comes up with words expressing future time such as “将来, 今後, これから''.5) “tanosimi'' can be used in two ways, “tasnosimi+な+N'' and “tasnosimi+の+N''. They have different meanings. The former expresses quality, and the latter expresses state.