《2019年臺越雙邊投資協定》之法律分析──對於臺商保護效益之評估

A Legal Analysis of the 2019 Taiwan-Vietnam Bilateral Investment Agreement: An Evaluation of Its Effectiveness in Protecting Taiwanese Investors

越南向為臺商從事海外投資活動的主要國家之一。為確保臺 商在當地投資之相關權利，臺灣曾與越南於1993年締結有雙邊投 資條約，條約中不僅授予投資者之投資活動國際法層次的實體保 護，同時提供投資者就投資爭端與地主國進行仲裁的權利。然 而，由於近年來國際投資法發展迅速，條約中的相關規範在今日 看來便不免陳舊，對於在越南從事投資活動之臺商的保護亦顯有 不足。在此背景之下，對於舊有之雙邊投資條約的實體與程序規 範加以更新，即有其實益與迫切性。 本文旨在對臺灣與越南於2019年簽署、2020年生效之《駐越 南台北經濟文化辦事處與駐台北越南經濟文化辦事處投資促進及 保障協定》進行法律分析，以評估其是否能充分維護與增進臺商 於越南之投資權益。本文將分別就投資之保護標準（實體規範） 與投資爭端之解決（程序規範）兩方面進行探討。前者主要涉及 以下條款：投資者與投資之定義、國民待遇和最惠國待遇、徵 收、公平與公正待遇和充分保護與安全、武裝衝突或內亂之待遇 以及例外條款；後者則為投資者──國家爭端解決與國家──國 家爭端解決機制。

Vietnam is one of the most popular destinations for Taiwanese investors. To protect the rights of Taiwanese investors when doing their business in Vietnam, Taiwan signed a bilateral investment agreement with Vietnam in 1993 (hereinafter 1993 Taiwan-Vietnam BIA), which not only provided for substantive protection for investment and investors, but also allowed investors to directly resolve their disputes with the host state through arbitration. However, with the rapid development of international investment law in recent years, many investment provisions in the 1993 TaiwanVietnam BIA are outdated and need to be modernized to reflect current treaty and arbitral practice. This paper analyzes the Agreement between the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Viet Nam and the Viet Nam Economic and Cultural Office in Taipei on the Promotion and Protection of Investments, which was signed in 2019 and entered into force in 2020 (hereinafter 2019 Taiwan-Vietnam BIA) to replace the 1993 Taiwan-Vietnam BIA. It examines the major substantive and procedural provisions in the 2019 Taiwan-Vietnam BIA to evaluate the extent to which they can provide adequate protection for Taiwanese investors in Vietnam.