類義詞素「脫（datu）」及「離（banare）」的造語力（Productivity of Synonymous Expressions''datu''and''banare''）

類義語素 「脱」と 「離れ」の造語力について

與名詞相結合的類義語素「脫（datu）」、「離（banare）」有表示「跳脫出該境遇」、「遠離」、「斷絕關係或不表關心」的意思。日語辭典《デジタル大辭泉》中包含「脫（datu）」的語項（204項）遠多於包含「離（banare）」的語項（57項）。但是近年常常可以看見如「石原さとみ離れ」、「LINE離れ」等的新語。這是否意味著「離（banare）」的生產性高於「脫（datu）」？為了究明此點，本文調查分析「現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーバス（通常版）BCCWJ-NT」語料庫及《讀賣新聞》中的「脫（datu）」及「離（banare）」的生產性及異同。結果得知：「脫（datu）」及「離（banare）」現在均具相當之生產性，而「〜離（banare）」的新語成長的倍數較高。其中，「不表示關心」之意的「〜離（banare）」占比極高。本研究的結果提供日本語學及日語教育重要而有用的貢獻。

The noum-merged ''datu'' and ''banare'' can express ''escape the scenario'', ''move away'', ''terminate relationship or disregard''. The Japanese dictionary Dezitaru daizisen has 204 items involving ''datu'', which are much more than the 57 items involving ''banare''. However, recently there appeared new words such as ''Isiharasatomibanare'' and ''LINEbanare''. Is this occurrence indicated that the productivity of ''banare'' is higher than that of ''datu''? To answer this question, this study surveyed the productivities of ''datu'' and ''banare'' by analyzing the words presented in BCCWJ-NT database and Yomiuri Shimbun. The results revealed that productivityies of both ''datu'' and ''banare'' are high, with the latter has higher multiplication of growth than the former. In the latter group, the words ''-banare'' with meaning ''disregard'' dominate. This study contributed greatly to Japanese linguistics and Japanese language education.