日本年輕人無緣化的現象－從社會排除與反身性的觀點探討年輕人社會關係的弱化

Alienation Phenomenon of Japanese Youth: A Discussion on the Weakening Social Solidarity from the Perspective of Social Exclusion and Reflexivity

本研究將以「社會排除」以及「反身性」的觀點探討日本年輕人「社會關係（連帶）」的弱化，並透過實證的數據資料分析其實際狀態。根據本研究的結果顯示，第一，在經濟的援助上，人際關係網絡薄弱的年輕人，當無工作或失業時，父母親是其主要的依靠對象。再者，進入勞動市場後的年輕人，在低薪資、工作不穩定的的情況下，經濟上一直仰賴父母親的可能性高，因此要想要成為獨當一面的成年人之路尚為遙遠。第二，個人的社會關係受到個人的經濟力以及工作時間所影響。特別是飛特族、非正式員工等經濟力較低的低薪資勞工或長時間工作者，較易被排除在社會關係的網絡外。第三，在集合式住宅不斷增加的後現代社會，居住狀況不斷變化的同時，個人的生活型態也隨之產生變化，社會關係也因而逐漸弱化。因此，年輕人即使與父母居住在一起，卻也有可能因居住狀況而被排除在社會關係網絡之外。

According to research results of this study, first, in terms of economic assistance, the youth with weak human ties rely mainly on their parents when they are jobless. Furthermore, the youth at work with low salaries and insecured jobs is more likely to rely on their parents economically, and it is still a long way for them to become real independent adults. Second, individual social relationship has been long influenced by individual economic power and the time providing labor. Especially, for labors with low economic power who either receive low payment or work for longer hours such as freeters or non-permanent employees, they are more likely to be excluded from social solidarity. Third, in the postmodern society, housing complex has been increased. During the change of habitation, individual life style also changes accordingly. Meanwhile, social solidarity has also be gradually weakened. Thus, even living with their parents, the youth is more likely to be excluded from social solidarity.