3．11之後日本文學中的震盪－《即使如此，三月仍舊》中 「原發」之課題

An Amplitude of Japanese Literature after 311: The Subject of the ''Nuclear Power Plant'' in ''Soredemo Sangatsu Wa Mata ''

2011年3月1日（週五）14時46分在日本東北地區發生超級大地震的關係，使得日本蒙受前所未有的「三位一體災難」（地震／津波／原發事故）。此被正式命名為「東日本大震災」，社會上則以「3．11」來通稱。當中隨著福島第一原發事故調查報告公諸於世，「原發」的「安全神話」蕩然無存，成為日本今後須面對的嚴重課題。本論文的研究課題設定為，釐清「原發」的衝擊如何反映在日本文學上，又因此造成日本文學上產生怎麼樣的渡瀾震盪。本論文研究方向則先縱觀「原發」相關文學的前奏作品。之後沿用橫向的觀點，籍以瞭解同時代複數作家擁有對「原發」的書寫方式。以此導出3．11所造成日本文學上的震盪的實際情況。考察作品中呈現對「原發」事故，不同的見解。例如高橋源一郎用辛辣批判口吻對「原發」發出怒吼、指出公安危險性等，來呼籲日本國民需要再教育的必要性。另外川上弘美、古川日出男則藉由反省「原發」以及娓娓道來生的喜悅，來表達難捨的人親土親故鄉情懷。辛辣路線與溫馨路線當中，則還有多和田葉子從未來的時間點以回顧災難、悲劇的方式，對世人提出「原發」的警訊。此類創作皆是站在文學創作的立場，對「原發」所提出的真知卓見。由於此類「原發」書寫的加入，推波助瀾3．11之後的日本現代文學的發展。也成為了3．11之後的日本文學上，因「原發」震盪而出現搖晃的最佳證據。

The big earthquake has occurred in the Tohoku district at 14:46 on Fri., March 11, 2011, and Japan was hit by unprecedented ”sufferings of the Trinity” (earthquake, tsunami, nuclear power plant disaster). This was formally named the ”Great East Japan Earthquake.” Now, this disaster is called ”3.11.” By some investigation reports of the Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster, the ”safety myth” of a ”nuclear power plant” collapses, and Japan is faced with a ”nuclear power plant” problem. This paper has considered the influence to the literature on the shock of the inside and ”nuclear power plant” problem of such a situation. Using the technique of a case study, this paper sets the vertical axis as the history of ”nuclear power plant” correlation literature, and put the horizontal axis as the viewpoint of the ”nuclear power plant” which some writers of the same period have writing. And this paper is made to reach to an extreme of the amplitude by 3.11 which arose in Japanese literature. These works as research sample are shown the various views to a ”nuclear power plant” accident. The first is a work which asks the necessity of reeducating people like Takahashi Genichiro's work that danger may be perceived through the anger to a ”nuclear power plant.” The second is the writing of Kawakami Hiromi and Furukawa Hideo who tell the attachment to a hometown which is hard to throw away in a ”nuclear power plant” disaster. ”The island of non-death” of Tawada Yoko describing the sorrow to the tragedy of Japan in a ”nuclear power plant” accident from the viewpoint of the future and criticism is located in the middle. Such a work group is new development of Japanese contemporary literature. These are the proof which has shown the amplitude which began to vibrate to the Japanese literature after 311.