從芥川龍之介王朝歷史小說的文章結構論述類型性中小說文本的意義

A genre characteristics in novel text: Some considerations by text constitution of Akutagawa Ryunosuke's ''Rekishi Oucho Mono''

社會上廣被使用的文章類型概念，其實沒有明確的定義以及分類基準，於是當使用於研究上更需謹慎小心。鐘於此本論文注意到類型分類，深深地影響了文學作品的解讀，因此特別選定在文章結構雷同性很高的芥川龍之介的王朝歷史小說代表作《羅生門》以及基督教小說代表作《南京的基督》，作為分析的樣本，進行文章結構對比的分析。並且再從中探析出怎麼樣的文章元素，是造成王朝歷史小說與基督教小說分類的差異。考察所得結果如下列2點：（1）王朝歷史小說《羅生門》與基督教小說《南京的基督》的文章結構，其實是同出一轍。（2）決定王朝歷史小說與基督教小說差異的最根本關鍵，在於作品中的歷史、基督、地域等相關的使用類型語彙，以及文章脈絡中，固定意思的辭彙，被活絡成多義性的詞彙。截至目前的學界的思維是一位文章所指向的外在指示對象（世界）決定文章類型。而歷經本次的考察結果顯示，其實不然。證明是接受者（讀者）在接受語彙的符碼時，以某種圖像浮現出外在的指示討象（世界），才會形成文章類型的差異。而不是在於文章的結構本身。此發現可以提供重新審思文章類型概念延用的可行性與極限。

The concept of text genre does not have a clear definition and classification standard in social usage. The concept of text genre is the term which attention needs in study of human cultural science. Therefore, as for this article chose the best work ”Rashomon” in ”Rekishi Oucho Mono” and a famous work ”Christ of Nanjing” in ”Kirishitan Mono” of Ryunosuke Akutagawa as samples of analysis about the literary work that the problem of the genre classification is important. In this study, I have considered some elements in text concerning to genre classification from the viewpoint of text constitution.As a result of consideration, the following points are clarified. (1)The text constitutions of ”Rashomon” in ”Rekishi Oucho Mono” and ”Christ of Nanjing” in ”Kirishitan Mono” are quite the same sturucture. (2)The current standard of the genre decision to divide ”Rekishi Oucho Mono” and ”Kirishitan Mono” is the vocabulary. The kinds are the genre giving vocabularies related to the history, Christian, and the region, etc. in the work. Another kind is a polysemy vocabulary with a peculiar meaning for the first time in the context.It has been thought that the external instruction object (world) that texts direct has decided the text genre so far. However, it should be thought that the sign of vocabulary that a recipient has received made the external instruction object (world) surface as a kind of figure from the above-mentioned result.