會話における発話の 「重なり」について―『日本語話し言葉コーパス（ＣＳＪ）』の 「課題指向対話」による事例の考察

“Overlap”of the utterance in the conversation: using the case study of ''the task point talks'' in CSJ (Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese)

在本研究裏面，是以現代日語大規模的自發音聲資料，亦即國立國語研究所的『日語談話資料庫』（英文名稱為Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese；這邊省略為CSJ）中「課題指向對話」所觀察的發話「重複」形式、出現比率、「重疊」在談話進行上的功能、禮貌觀點和性別間的關係去分析和考察。分析的結果如下；首先、談話資料中所看到的重複可以分成「turn交替錯誤」、「搶先」、「插嘴」、「同時発話」四個種類。另外，在說話進行上的功能方面，在女性的談話資料裏面，主張或對立出現比較多的「插嘴」和「搶先」的比率比男性高，那可以說是「自我主張型」的比率較男性要高。另一方面，在男性談話資料中出現比率較高，沒有對立現象的「turn交替錯誤」和「同時発話」，亦即「協調型」的部份比女性還要多的傾向。再者，以禮貌的觀點來探求的話，「同時発話」和「搶先」兩者皆是維持說話者自己的積極性面子，並非FTA的明確表示。「turn交替錯誤」和「插嘴」是考慮到聽話者的消極性面子，相當於緩和FTA的對策。

This research uses the large-scale phonetic sound's data base named (CSJ-Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese) and belongs to 『The: National Institute for Japanese Language』, to see overlap's type, appearance rate, role in conversation, and the relationship with gender from the point of politeness theory. The result shows two points. First, word's overlapping classifies into four type below: ”mistake of turn-taking”, ”anticipation”, ”interruption”, and ”speak simultaneously”. Second, about the role in conversation, we can find the ”interruption” and ”anticipation” show high rate in women's conversation than men's. It means ”a type of self-assertion” appears higher rate in women. On the other hand, we can see ”mistake of turn-taking” and ”speak simultaneously” appears high rate in men's data, so we can call it as the ”a type of cooperation”. ”Type of cooperation” appears more in man's conversation than women's. If we observe this phenomenon by politeness theory, ”speak simultaneously” and 「anticipation」 both mean that speakers try to maintain themselves' positive face, it won't be the indication of FTA(Face Threatening Acts). ”Mistake of turn-taking” and ”interruption” concerns the listener's negative face, and it is strategy of relieving FTA.