含有提示助詞“も”的句子的語義及其語境功能

The meaning of a sentence which includes the Japanese focus particle mo and its effects on the context

本文認為，單“も”句（一個句子中只出現一個“も”的句子）在語境上須要影子，而多重“も”句（一個句子中出現複數“も”的句子）則不需要影子。並在此之上討論了含有提示注詞“も”的句子的語義特徵及其在語境中的作用。首先，本文詳細討論了多重“も”具的語義，認為“も”句的語義是“前提部分所述的指示對像是含有焦點部分的複數。”多重“も”句在語境上不需要影子是因為多重“も”句所包含的多個命題之間相互起到影子的作用。而單“も”句是多重“も”句的焦點部分的一個要素為無音形形態的照應詞（或指示詞）時所形成的。單“も”句中含有變項，無法由此推算出整句的意思，因此為了填補這個變項需要在語境中尋找影子。另外，本文還詳細討論了“も”句的使用給推論帶來什麼樣的影響。認為“も”句在談話內具有提高推論行為效率的功能，並可誘發聽者進行前提含有複合資訊的推論行為。

The purpose of this paper is to consider the meaning of a sentencethat includes the Japanese particle mo and its effects on the context of thesentence. Firstly, we demonstrate how a sentence including only onemo (''single-mo-sentence'') requires shadow sentences (cf. Kuroda 1965)in the context. However a sentence incorporating more than one mo(''multiple-mo-sentence'') does not require shadow sentences. Payingclose attention to the interpretation of these two types of sentences, weclaim that a ''multiple-mo-sentence'' should be analyzed as a compound ofpropositions partially identical to each other, while a''single-mo-sentence'' as a compound of propositions, one of whichincludes a variable. A ''multiple-mo-sentence'' does not require shadowsentences because each proposition of its own can be a shadow for eachother. Conversely, a ''single-mo-sentence'' requires shadow sentencesbecause they operate in the context by fixing the value of the variables,which are necessary to complete the interpretation of the sentence.Furthermore, we demonstrate that a sentence including mo promotes theefficiency of inference in discourse and it leads a hearer to make aninference using compound information as a presupposition.