日本民間故事基本詞庫之建構－以柳田國男『日本昔話集（上）』為討論基礎

The Structure of Basic Word Library in Japanese Folk Story: Based on Japanese Folktales Collection by the first part of YANAGITA KUNIO

詞庫是由詞所構成的集合。本稿立足於此觀點上，以『日本昔話集（上）』（1930年、柳田國男、アルス社）為討論材料，試從詞之出現頻率與範圍建構日本民間故事之基本詞庫，並透過與他領域高頻詞知對比找出較具有代表此詞庫之特徵詞以初步瞭解此詞庫之特徵。希冀此結果能對今後整理日本民間故事詞庫有所助益。結果從此資料找出佔總辭量80%且覆蓋範圍在60～90%之間的高頻順位詞1,107詞做為此詞庫之基礎，其中，以主角出現的「爺、一人」、故事發生的場所方位名詞「家、山、方」、與場所名詞呼應的動詞「出る、□る、入る」和「持っ」、具串連故事情節發展的接續詞「そうして」和表不特定之意的連體詞「或る」是比較具有代表這詞庫的特徵詞。

A word library is the collection of words, based on this structure foundation, this paper intends to take Japanese Folktales Collections –First part of YANAGITA KUNIO (1930, Yanagita Kunio, Arusu publisher) as discussion topic, to construct basic word library of Japanese folktales in line with appearance rate and scope of word, and find out characteristic words relatively more representative of such word library by comparing with high –rate word in other domain; the author wishes that the research result could facilitate the classification of Japanese folktale word library in the future.There are 1,107 high-rated priority words established from the research materials, taking 80% of total words numbers with scope covered between 60% - 90%, regarded as the base of such word library; among them the ”jiji” (grandfather), ”hitori” (one person) -appeared as main roles, ”je” (home), ”yama” (mountain), ”hou” (square) -nonus representing location and place of story occurrence, ”deru” (go out), ”kaeru” (return), ”hairu” (enter) -verbs responding to nonus of location, ”sousite” (and then) -conjunctive word for connecting storyline, and ”aru” -conjunction signifying unspecified meaning, are characteristic words with higher representative significance of this words library.