探討 「可能動詞+teiru」之句意──包含實現可能與潛在可能之相互關係

The Meaning of“potential verb＋teiru”; Including the relationship between Possible Potentials and Actual Potentials

本論文以日語語法中的可能句型為研究對象，詳細分析「可能動詞＋teiru」的句意，並同時探討潛在可能句型與實現可能句型之間的關係。其結果歸納如下：（1）「可能動詞＋teiru」的句意可依動作實現知次數分為：一次性：〈能〉→[已實現動作之持續][完成動作之效力][動作結果之狀態]〈不能〉→[行為之未實現][行為結果之未達成]多次性：〈能〉→[動作之反覆實現]〈不能〉→[一時之不可能][行為結果之未達成]（2）由於表示[動作之反覆實現]及[一時之不可能]的實現可能句，是藉由動作再三實現與未實現而確認得知主體之〈能〉或〈不能〉，因此其可能性是相近於潛在可能的。而[已實現動作之持續]中的動作因其實現是被視為困難或不確定的，因此該行為之具體實現，正好意味著動作的背後所潛藏的主體能力，所以該實現可能句型才得以與潛在可能句型相互替換。

This paper describes the meaning of ”potential verb + teiru” in modern Japanese, and also examines the relationship between possible potentials and actual potentials. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The meaning of ”potential verb + teiru” can be classified according to the frequency of events as follows: 1.once:/possible/-[continuation of accomplished events] [actional perfect][statal perfect] /impossible/-[unrealized events][unachieved events] 2.multitimes:/possible/-[repetition of events] /impossible/-[impossible briefly] [unachieved events] (2) It is revealed the Actual potentials which describe multievents approach possible potentials because that repetition of events' realization confirms/possible/and/impossible/.