「お疲れさま」與 「ご苦労様」之使用調査分析

On“Otsukaresama”and“Gokurosama”

一般而言，｢お疲れさま｣也能対長輩使用，而｢ご苦労様｣則是對晩輩表示感謝慰勞的用語，原本對長輩表示慰勞之意是不合乎禮節的，這是一般傳統的規範｡但是，根據筆者於2008年對154名進行的調査研究卻發現，對於接受晩輩表示慰勞之意感覺不愉快者僅7.1%，然而若是對方説｢ご苦労様｣則有46.1%表示不愉快，比均能夠接受｢お疲れさま｣及｢ご苦労様｣的41.6%高出許多｡近來｢お疲れさま｣有被普遍使用的現象，而對使用｢お疲れさま｣表示感謝覺得不愉快者高達66.2%，大幅超越能接受對方説｢お疲れさまでした｣的23.4%｡｢お疲れさま｣並無感謝的含意｡例如，中文的｢老師，辛苦了｣是發出內心貼心的表現，但是如果直接套用在日文現出｢先生､お疲れさまでした｣，則出現慰労教師（長輩）的情形，是相當不禮貌的｡此外，｢ご苦労様｣並非只對晩輩使用，也能對從事公共服務的人表示感謝時使用｡誠如中曾根康弘前總理大臣對天皇陛下便曾使用｢ご苦労さまでした｣一般，在此次的調査研究中，深深覺得｢お疲れさま｣是無法充分表示感謝之意的。

Both ”Otsukaresama” and ”Gokurosama” are the greetings that express the speaker's thoughtfulness or sharing the feelings to the hard work accomplished by the listener. Generally speaking, ”Otsukaresama” is usually used towards ones superiors; on the other hand, ”Gokurosama” is used only to the inferiors. In Japanese language classes for foreigners, the distinction between ”Otsukaresama” and ”Gokurosama” are also taught in this way.However, the difference is not limited only to relationship between the speaker and the listener. The most important difference is that ”Gokurosama” contains the thanking whereas ”Otsukaresama” does not have such kind of feeling. Accompanying with the wide usage of ”Otsukaresama,” it is sometimes used in the replacement of saying ”thank you.” Especially in Taiwan, as the similar expression ”Nin Xinku le(您辛苦了)” in Chinese contains not only thoughtfulness but also gratitude to the hard work, students tend to use ”Otsukaresama” in the cases which they should say ”thank you.” However, according to the survey by the author, the percentage of people who feel unpleasant to be said ”Otsukaresama” instead of ”Arigato” is 66.2%. Therefore, we should be careful when we teach the expression ”Otsukaresama” in classes.