從累犯加重處罰規定評大法官釋字第七七五號解釋

From the Recidivist’s Aggravated Punishment Provisions to Evaluate the Interpretation of the Grand Justice’s Interpretation of No. 775

對於曾經犯罪受處罰之人再犯罪而給予較重處罰之立法，古今中外皆不乏其例。我國刑法第47條第1項關於累犯加重本刑之規定，因具有性格罪責及行為人刑法的特徵等因素，於學界討論間，向來不乏質疑及批判者，而其關於累犯定義之規定不明確，多年來猶在實務之適用上造成諸多困擾及不公平的結果。司法院大法官經多名聲請人聲請釋憲，雖以釋字第775號解釋對前述關於累犯加重本刑之規定，作成部分違憲的解釋，然其論述之內容及理由，卻留給學界及實務界更多的不解。本文嘗試就該號解釋關於累犯加重處罰部分之審查及論述進行分析，並從憲法上一行為不二罰原則、罪責原則、法律明確性原則之觀點，重新對此一規定進行討論。

Legislation that imposes heavier punishments on those who have been punished for crimes has lacked of no examples in ancient and modern China and abroad. In section 1, Article 47 of our Criminal Law, the provisions on recidivist’s aggravating the sentence, due to personality guilt and the characteristics of the criminal law of the perpetrator, there have always been doubts and critics in the academic discussion, and the provisions on the definition of recidivism are not clear. Over the years, it has been causing many troubles and unfair results in the application of practice. The grand justice of the Judicial Yuan has made only a partial unconstitutional interpretation after being asked by many pleaders to interpret the Constitution, although Interpretation No. 775 explains the above-mentioned provisions on the recidivism to aggravate the sentence, However, the content and reasons of the discussion have left the academic community and the practice community more puzzled. This paper attempts to analyze the review and discussion of the section on the aggravating punishment of recidivism, and re-discuss this provision from the perspective of the constitutional principle of double jeopardy, the principle of culpabilty and the principle of clarity and definiteness of law.